How to cross rivers safely?

Alum Cave Trail in the Smoky Mountains - License our images here.        

Use a bridge! 

No bridge? Then... this is the theory, but no guaranties. 

• The main danger is the current. Check its strength and direction. 
• Slow and slightly deep water is safer than low and fast.
• Check what lays up and downriver - submerged stuff can be a deadly trap if taken by the current. 
• Avoid turbid waters.
• Check for dangerous wildlife.
• Wait if the water level is high. Camp until next morning if there is snow drainage - level will get lower with the cold of the night.
• Chilly waters are dangerous.
• Snow bridges are risky. 
• Plan ways to break free from the current if pulled downriver.
• Cross through a straight section of the river.
• Untie the backpack. If the current takes you down, drop it. 
• Don't remove your shoes. 
• Cross in a small diagonal angle. 
• Face the current while crossing. 
• Step on lower rocks. Avoid the flat ones, they may be slippery. 
• Don't cross the legs.
• Use hiking poles or a stick for wading and extra support.
• Secure each step before taking the next. 
• If took down by the current, point feet downriver and rest on your back.
• Beware if crossing on fallen logs. They can move or one can lose the balance.

River crossing in Alabama.